The HHH Project
Research-based writing on cardiovascular disease, urban neighbourhoods, and the social determinants of heart health across European cities.
Edinburgh and Madrid offer strikingly different lessons about how urban walkability shapes heart health. This article explores how city design, neighbourhood features, and local inequalities interact to influence cardiovascular disease risk.
In Edinburgh and Madrid, neighbourhood access to healthy food is a critical factor shaping cardiovascular risk. This article examines how food deserts fuel heart disease and why urban planning and social factors matter as much as individual choice.
In cities like Edinburgh and Madrid, the simple act of catching a bus or metro can shape heart health in profound ways. This article unpacks how neighbourhood access to public transport influences physical activity, cardiovascular risk, and urban health equity across Europe.
Chronic noise pollution—from traffic to nightlife—is an unspoken but potent risk for heart disease in European cities. Recent research from Edinburgh and Madrid underscores the urgent need for neighbourhood-level interventions and policy change.
How does the air we breathe in cities like Edinburgh and Madrid shape our risk of heart disease? The answer reveals striking health inequalities and new directions for public health research.
The relationship between socioeconomic position and cardiovascular mortality is one of the most robust findings in all of epidemiology. It has been replicated in every country where the data exists to examine it, across multiple measures of socioeconomic status, across different health systems, and across different time periods. And in Europe, despite decades of medical…
The relationship between alcohol and cardiovascular health is more contested in the scientific literature than almost any other topic in preventive medicine. For decades, a large body of observational research suggested that moderate alcohol consumption was associated with reduced cardiovascular risk compared to abstinence. The “J-shaped curve” became a standard teaching point. More recent research,…
When Regent’s Park was laid out in north London in the early nineteenth century, it was not designed as a public health intervention. Yet the evidence accumulated over the following two centuries suggests that urban parks and green spaces function as precisely that — measurable contributors to cardiovascular health for the populations that have access…
In 1980, the Black Report — commissioned by the UK government and promptly suppressed — documented systematic differences in health outcomes between social classes in Britain that could not be explained by healthcare access, individual behaviour, or genetics alone. The report’s authors concluded that the primary drivers of health inequality were material: income, housing, working…
